The Hidden Toxins in Pads and Tampons: What Every Woman Should Know

For most women, pads and tampons are an essential part of monthly life. But what many don’t realize is that these everyday items, used in one of the most absorbent and vulnerable areas of the body, can come with a hidden toxic burden. With increasing concerns about endocrine disruptors, hormone imbalances, fertility challenges, and chronic inflammation, it’s time to take a closer look at what’s really in our menstrual products and how to make safer, low-tox choices.

The Problem with Conventional Products

The vaginal canal is lined with mucous membranes, which are highly vascular and absorbent. Unlike skin on other parts of the body, vaginal tissue lacks the same level of detoxification enzymes, making it even more susceptible to absorbing chemicals directly into the bloodstream. This means anything placed in or near this area (like pads, tampons, and liners) should be as clean and non-toxic as possible.

Unfortunately, most mainstream menstrual products are made with synthetic materials, treated with harsh chemicals, and contain fragrance or other hidden ingredients not required to be disclosed. In the U.S., pads and tampons are considered “medical devices,” which means companies are not required to list all ingredients on the packaging. This lack of transparency has raised serious concerns about what users are being exposed to without informed consent.

Ingredients of Concern

These common materials in conventional menstrual products can introduce harmful chemicals into sensitive tissues:

1. Dioxins: A byproduct of blanching cotton and rayon, even Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) bleaching can leave trace dioxin levels. These compounds disrupt endocrine signaling, suppress immune function, and are linked to cancer. Research in Reproductive Toxicology showed that exposure to TCDD (a potent dioxin) increased survival, growth, and proliferation of endometrial tissue in primate models - suggesting a mechanism for hormonal dysfunction and endometriosis-like symptoms.

2. Fragrance & “Odor Neutralizers”: Often undisclosed, many fragrances contain phthalates, which are known endocrine disruptors. A 2020 analysis in Environmental Health Perspectives found that higher phthalate exposure correlated with reduced ovarian reserve and altered hormone levels.

3. Pesticide Residues in Non‑Organic Cotton: Conventionally grown cotton can retain residues like glyphosate (a likely human carcinogen per the IARC) and permethrin. A 2025 Guardian report found toxic pesticide levels in tampons up to 40 times higher than safety thresholds for water.

4. Rayon: This semi-synthetic fiber relies on carbon disulfide during processing which is a neurotoxin linked to reproductive health issues in exposed workers. Residual chemicals may persist, and rayon's absorbent structure may also increase bacterial habitation compared to cotton.

5. Plastics & Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs): Pads often include polyethylene, polypropylene, and SAPs: materials that trap moisture and heat, potentially promoting irritation, inflammation, and microbiome imbalance. These synthetic substances also pose unknown long-term risks when continuously in contact with mucous membranes.

6. Colorants & Dyes: Synthetic dyes used for patterns and logos can include heavy metals or allergens. These frequently trigger contact dermatitis or allergic reactions which is particularly problematic for individuals with sensitive or reactive skin.

Symptoms Linked to Toxic Menstrual Products

Exposure to these ingredients is linked with a range of concerning symptoms:

1. Heavy or Prolonged Bleeding

Endocrine disruption from dioxins, phthalates, and pesticides can lead to estrogen dominance and endometrial overgrowth. The TCDD primate study highlights how dioxins may amplify endometrial tissue proliferation and heavy menstrual flow 

2. Severe Cramps & Pelvic Pain

Inflammatory chemicals such as rayon fallout, plastic layers, and synthetic fragrances may exacerbate local tissue irritation, contributing to pelvic discomfort and heightened menstrual cramping.

3. Itching, Burning & Irritation

Contact with dyes, preservatives, and fragrance compounds may provoke contact dermatitis or allergic reactions in vulvar and vaginal tissues, leading to itching, redness, or a burning sensation.

4. Frequent Yeast or Bacterial Infections

Non-breathable plastic liners create moisture-rich environments that foster microbial growth. This increase in moisture due to synthetic materials may promote recurring infections and unpleasant odors.

5. Hormonal Imbalance & Reproductive Issues

Chronic exposure to dioxins and phthalates which mimic or disrupt hormone activity can lead to PMS variations, irregular cycles, anovulation, and longer-term fertility concerns. Phthalates, in particular, are associated with disrupted hormone production and ovarian function.

6. Flare-Ups of Endometriosis or PCOS

For those with estrogen-sensitive disorders like endometriosis or PCOS, continued exposure to hormone disruptors may worsen symptoms including pain, bloating, mood shifts, and menstrual irregularities. The mechanisms linking dioxin-like compounds to tissue proliferation have been specifically implicated in endometriosis models.

7. Headaches, Migraines & Brain Fog

Fragrance VOCs and endocrine-disrupting chemicals can trigger headaches or migraines, especially in individuals sensitive to chemical triggers. Both acute and low-grade systemic inflammation may also manifest as fatigue or brain fog during menstrual phases.

The Evidence is Growing

The connection between chemical exposure and reproductive health is gaining more attention in the scientific community. A study published in Reproductive Toxicology found that women exposed to higher levels of certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were more likely to suffer from menstrual irregularities, endometriosis, and fibroids [5]. And a review in Environmental Health concluded that exposure to EDCs via feminine hygiene products represents a potentially significant source of risk due to the sensitive and permeable nature of vaginal tissue [6].

How to Make Safer Choices

Thankfully, there are safer alternatives. Look for menstrual products that are:

• Certified organic cotton (GOTS-certified is best)

• Fragrance-free and dye-free

• Chlorine-free (TCF preferred over ECF)

• Free of plastic and synthetic fibers

• Transparent about all ingredients

You can also explore reusable options like organic cloth pads, menstrual cups, or organic cotton period underwear, all of which reduce waste and minimize exposure to questionable chemicals.

Brands to Consider

Here is a link to some low-tox options! I personally use Cora and Rael.

https://tr.ee/Jo1gZ9

Your menstrual cycle is more than just a monthly occurrence - it’s a powerful reflection of your overall health and hormonal balance. What you place near or inside your body matters, especially when it's in constant contact with one of the most absorbent areas. By choosing low-tox menstrual products, you’re not just reducing your exposure to harmful chemicals - you’re actively supporting your hormones, your immune system, and your future fertility. These changes might feel small, but over time, they have a profound impact. It all starts with awareness and from there, every intentional choice becomes an investment in your lifelong well-being.

Link to Instagram post: https://www.instagram.com/p/DLC0q01xvBK/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==